Maps Distort How We See the World

30 Maps to Rethink the World

Maps twist our perception of the world.

Countries closer to the equator—which happen to be poorer¹—seem smaller than they are.

Proportions of apparent size and real size (animated), Jakub Nowosad. Source.

This is because the world is a 3D sphere, but maps are 2D projections on a plane. That means distortion!

Here is a static version showing the equator, to compare more easily and see how much the projection differs from​​ reality as you move away from it:

We should be wary of flattening balls!

Depending on your reference, Chad appears bigger or smaller than expected.

So we develop a poor intuition for comparative region sizes. 

The biggest loser is Africa, which is humongous:

Here’s another take on it, to drive the point home. 

If you compare the most affected regions², you realize that Africa is about as wide as Russia!

I confirmed this by using the width of Africa from Encyclopedia Britannica and the Russian width by checking the distance between the contiguous Russia’s most extreme points.

Somalia, Japan, and New Zealand are all approximately the same size as the US East Coast.

The website from which this comes from shows Somalia separate from Somaliland. I don’t know enough to have an opinion about it yet. Source.

Brazil is the most short-changed country, as it’s right on the equator and huge. Here it is compared to Europe.

Broadly speaking, many regions of the world are of a similar size. Here is Europe compared to Australia and the US contiguous 48:

Here’s a beautiful way to put it:

Australia if it had the Mediterranean inside. Source.

Now Europe compared to Canada, India, and China:

Indonesia’s span is longer than the EU’s! 

“Small” Java is actually longer than Germany

Chile is ridiculously long:

All these maps come from The Real Size

Argentina fits a handful of European countries inside its borders.

Note the Falklands are marked as part of Argentina. They are currently controlled by the UK. Just another way maps can convey different ideas depending on who draws them. Source.

The island of New Guinea, which appears to be about the size of Great Britain, reaches in fact from London to Moscow.

Source

And the biggest of all, the Pacific Ocean. It is so humongous it could contain the entire landmass of Earth³!

This is why, if you look straight at the Pacific Ocean on a globe, you only see water.

So the Mercator projection clearly distorts our perception of the world. But it’s not the only way it’s distorted.

We center our map around the equator and the reference meridian, which goes through London. 

Here’s an old Japanese map centered around Japan instead.

An 1853 Japanese world map presented on a cylindrical projection. Source.

What happens if you center it on Argentina instead?

This shows how far away from everything Chile is, at the bottom left of South America. Poor lonely Chile. Your Australian editor Shoni would also want to claim lonely status for New Zealand. Source.

Or New Zealand?

Source

Antarctica feels very lonely:

Maybe that’s why it’s best friends with Chile. And New Zealand. Source.

Conversely, if you center the map around Alaska, you can see why it has the 3rd biggest airport in the world in terms of cargo: it’s the most central point to all the big markets in the northern hemisphere.

Source

These projections make us miss lots of quite striking relations between regions. For example:

ALL of continental South America lies east of the state of Michigan.

Melbourne is closer to Antarctica than to Darwin.

Source

Edinburgh is west of Liverpool and Bristol!

The Panama Canal runs north-south, and ships enter in the west and leave in the east:

Brazil is brutally big. Its northernmost point is closer to Canada than to its southernmost point! In fact, its northernmost point is closer to any American country than to its southernmost point!

Source

It’s so big that its easternmost point is much closer to Africa than to its westernmost point.

Source

Here’s one that broke my head: China’s westernmost point is closer to Germany than to its easternmost point!

Source

OK and what if we completely change the emphasis? How would fish draw a map?

Super convenient. An octopus civilization would be well connected.  Source: @claradealberto

If all these maps follow so many conventions, and they distort the perception of the world to such an extreme, why does the international community keep using them?

The “international community”:

It’s a joke. If your heartbeat started accelerating, relax! Another way that maps are not as innocent and neutral as we like to think of them. Source.

Are these maps chosen for good reasons and these distortions are a side-effect, or are they purposefully deceitful? Are there better maps we could choose? I’ll explore this in the premium article this week. Subscribe to read it!

1. I’ll talk more about this in a future article.

2. Those most reduced and most aggrandized by the change.

3. It’s 12% bigger than all the landmass on Earth, actually.